Asphalt – One of the most popular types of construction ever since its inception in the early 1920s is asphalt paving. In this construction technique, a layer of asphalt is laid on top of an equally thick gravel base. Advantages of this form of road construction are that the pavement produces relatively little noise, its relative low cost compared to other materials, and that it is relatively easy to repair and maintain as well. However, asphalt is known to be significantly less durable and strong than most other choices, and isn’t the best for the environment either.
Concrete – Concrete is another popular choice for roadways, though it is typically only used for local roads and not other types of construction. There are three major types of concrete road surfaces, JPCP, JRCP, and CRCP; the distinguishing feature between the three being the joint system that is used to help prevent cracks from forming. Concrete is more long-lasting than asphalt and significantly stronger as well, but is quite expensive to lay and maintain.
Composite – Composite materials are often used in types of construction that are more related to maintenance, recycling, and rehabilitation. Composite materials are combinations of both asphalt and concrete, and are typically employed in one of two methods. Asphalt overlays literally are placed over a damaged surface, or alternatively pavement may be cracked and seated instead, forming a true new surface.
Recycling – There are three typical types of construction techniques related to recycling the surface of distressed or damaged pavement. Rubblizing, Cold/Hot in-place Recycling, and Full-depth Reclamation. Rubblizing involves reducing the road to gravel and then applying a new surface, both hot and cold in-place recycling relies on using bituminous pavement to reinforce the road (at different temperatures and admixtures, of course), and Full-depth reclamation involves both total pulverization and the addition of binding agents or other additives.
Bituminous Solutions – Bituminous and other temporary solutions are types of construction that are only suitable for use on very low-traffic thoroughfares. Chipsealing techniques, thin membrane surfacing, and Otta sealing are all examples of bituminous surface options. These are all more commonly employed as sealing coats or finishes than as full road surfaces.
